The Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes...

The Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes in a Democracy Introduction The public gets political information on their preferred candidates or parties from different people and through the media. In today’s world, social media has also been one of main platforms that shape the public opinion. However, engaging in discussion with other members has proven more informative and persuasive than other methods including social media. Mass media is critical in forming the opinions of the members, and they use the discussions and insights they gather from the media to generate their own ideas and viewpoints (Zaller, 55). The media has experts’ analyses who give opinions based on facts and experience on the matters facing the†¦show more content†¦As a result, people end up using information shortcuts that are a threat to the democracy if the shortcuts are controlled by individuals or firms (Zaller, 93). Individuals or firms may be the media houses and their informants who dictate the information they release and give to the people. If the in formation is poorly managed or the choice of information to be availed to the public is not substantial to form an opinion, it may lead to creating the wrong impression, which becomes a threat to democracy in the long run. Whereas an opinion is based on an argument and information, political opinion is grounded on value judgment about a fact that can be changed by an individual from time to time to either form a moral opinion or an altered opinion (Zaller, 105). In practice, it depends on how people acquire political information, and if it is from the media, individuals may turn out to be susceptible to changing their standpoint. This depends on an individual forming an opinion from their own judgment of the information availed to them and it is not always the case. Zaller adds that people have their true opinions and views about a given matter that they alter from time to time since a change is a natural process (Zaller, 90). According to the author, though a person has formed their own opinion, if the question is asked more than once andShow MoreRelatedExplain The Effects Of Family On Ones Political Values1171 Words   |  5 PagesFundamental Values Describe what a democracy is and why it is significant. A democracy is a system of government where the people have the opportunity to have a say in important governmental processes. For instance, in a democracy, one has the privilege to directly vote on key public officials. 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Whether as a voter, consumer or investor, Americans believe they will be able to form their own idealistic views based on what they see in the media. However, that belief is just a fallacy. In my opinion, viewers that believe this false pretense are unaware that a portion of mass media in the Unites States is privately owned. In both public television and radio, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) funds a portion of their revenue (the CPB is a privateRead MoreThe Relationship Between Social Media Platforms And The Government1517 Words   |  7 Pages This essay explores the different relationships between social media platforms and the government to provide insight into the different ways the government uses media masses to further their agendas and how its good business is used for political gain. This essay also discusses the different ideologies and fallacies individuals have of the media’s role in society. 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Locking information has resulted to limitation on the flow of information inside Middle East and to the external world. Out of this challenge, democracy in the Middle East has been suppressed and citizens left to suffer. Leaders refuse to listen to the people they rule and dictatorship followed

Alexander the Great and the Battle of Gaugamela - 1859 Words

King Alexander at only 25 years old, his reputation already one of greatness had led his men into Asia. To his soldiers, their invasion of Persia was to fight back after half a century of devastation brought onto Greece during the Persian wars between 499 and 448 BC. Alexander’s private desire, however, was to cast a shadow on the large Persian empire by winning all its lands and bringing it under his rule. Gaugamela, named after the village it was fought by, was the decisive battle in the struggle between Alexander III and Darius II for the Persian Empire. The battle occurred in 331 BC, this battle was one of importance as it shows a significant amount of Alexander’s tactical and military genius while including examples of his great†¦show more content†¦The arrangements ended up being parallel to that of the battle of Issus. However, realizing that the Persian cavalry was moderately powerful, Alexander reinforced his wings and ordered them to lengthen if there was any risk of being out-flanked. These well designed decisions would have made a huge impact on the final outcome of the battle, this shows Alexander’s ability to adapt his tactics to suit different situations and develop ways to overcome problems that may occur. The battle turned out better than it possibly could have for Alexander, as we can see his well thought out plan coincided with the actual events of the battle and all went as he had pre-determined. Alexander initially ordered his right wing cavalry to advance on an angle, as always, to the right. Consequently forcing the Persian cavalry further left to pursue them, thus moving away from the specially cleared area Darius had so carefully arranged for them. To counteract these actions Darius ordered his men to stop moving to the left and head directly forward to attack Alexander’s right wing as intended. This arrangement worked well for Alexander as he postponed a rather dominant attack to his right wing and would haveShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Gaugamela By Alexander The Great1869 Words   |  8 Pages The Battle of Gaugamela SSG Hennessey, Timothy J USAICoE NCOA, Class 15-003 Alexander the Great is arguably the greatest general and military strategist to have ever lived. He never lost a battle, and before his thirtieth birthday, he had conquered from Greece to India. His military conquests paved the way for Hellinization, the spread of Greek culture, throughout the world. Though Alexander’s reign was short, he left an indelible mark on not only his kingdom but on the worldRead MoreThe Battle Against The Persian Empire1532 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great is one of the most celebrated military leaders in history. His campaigns against the Persian Empire began in 336 BC, when he and the Macedonian army crossed the Hellespont and began their invasion of Asia Minor. The Macedonians were victorious in their first major engagement against the Persians at the Battle of Granicus River in 334 BC. Less than a year later, in 333 BC, Alexander faced the Persian army again at the Battle of Issus, this time led personally by King Darius IIIRead MoreAna lysis Of David Hanson s Carnage And Culture Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion2: In Carnage and Culture, Victor David Hanson expressed a slanted perspective about the crucial battles in western history in order to support his theory that western militaristic strategies are superior to alternative forms of warfare. He fostered his sentiments by explaining how specific battle tactics can unify or divide a nation in a matter of moments. However, his reference to the concept that western warriors continuously triumph in war, is expressed in a manner that does not fullyRead MoreThe Success Of Alexander The Great1374 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great is one of the most successful military commanders of all time. Some may attribute Alexander’s success to his inheritance of the great Macedonian kingdom and military from his father, Philip II. Although there is no doubt that this timely inheritance was a key factor in his success, it was his military skills and generalship that gave him the ability to effectively utilize the groundwork laid by his father . In order to fully understand the success of Alexander, we must firstRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedonia, underwent a journey of overwhelming odds. Alexander led his army through multiple victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without the agony of a single defeat. A noteworthy battle of Alexander was the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C.E. The Battle of Gaugamela is significant because it ended Darius’s rule over Persia. [new par.] There are several forces and factors that contribute in making Alexander the GreatRead MoreThe Legacy Of Alexander The Great1050 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander the Great Prior to approximately 350 B.C., Greece was a fragmented country with individual tribes separated from each other due to the mountainous terrain and geographical obstacles. Not only were they isolated physically, each individual polis remained focused on its own needs and interests.(Hemingway) Philip II, a Macedonian king, wished that all of Greece could act as one and be united under the same rule. In the Battle of Chaeronea, the son of Philip II, Alexander, claimed victoryRead MoreAlexander IIi Of King Of Ancient Greece1147 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was a King of Ancient Greek kingdom Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He spent most of his ruling years on an extraordinary military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa and by the time he was 30 he had created one of the largest empires of the Ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into northwest India. Alexander is thought to be by most peopl e as the greatest military command that ever lived however thisRead MoreEssay on Alexander the Great: The Campaign of Gaugamela614 Words   |  3 Pages The combination of Logistics and Tactics permitted to Alexander III the Great to be successful during the campaign of Gaugamela. Prior to the battle, Alexander the Great decided to take the same route Darius took on his way to Issus. He knew that if he wanted to march toward Babylon, he couldnt go through the lower valley of Mesopotamia as there was not sufficient supplies available for his army and the daily temperature in summer is 49 º C.(tactic) He figured out that if Darius larger army andRead MoreAlexander II And Alexander The Great1642 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone who is good at planning tactics; Philip II and Alexander the Great would not fall under this name because they were not good at planning tactics, they were disputed to be the best at planning them. Alexander III the Great was born in 356 BC in the capital of M acedonia; Pella. Growing up Alexander watched his father turn Macedonia into a great military power . Philip II was the first to create an unstoppable Macedonian army and his son Alexander would further expand the efficiency and power ofRead MoreThe Movie Alexander 1164 Words   |  5 Pages The film, Alexander, is a historic drama about Alexander the Great, who became legendary for his military prowess. Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian general, narrates throughout the film. Moments of Alexander’s childhood was shown, such as his difficult relationship with his mother, Olympias, and his father, King Philip II of Macedon. After Alexander became King of Macedonia, he sets out to conquer the Persian Empire. He continued his eight-year campaign across East Asia, before returning home to Babylon

Oxford Brookes University Bsc in Applied Accounting Free Essays

I will use this report writing oopportunity to practice and practically implement my learning in evaluating business and financial performance of a business which spreads its activities from one continent to another. 1. 3 Reasons behind choosing XY For me and for my family’s clothing needs I found XY as a better place to buy as it sells better and fashionable cloths at lower price. We will write a custom essay sample on Oxford Brookes University Bsc in Applied Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, this is not what attracted my attention. I got interested on XY because in this time of recession and money crisis while all high street giants struggling to survive I found XY continuing to open new stores in different locations in every few months. Not only that, Interbrand ranked in their latest 2009 report XY as the world’s 2X no. brand with 11% increasing brand value from last year to 15,375m USD. Last year XY was ranked number 2X. XY is in the top position as a high street apparel brand. It seems XY is becoming more popular hence mearns greater market. 1. 3. 1 XY history Present is the result of history; I always enjoy it so decided to look back where everything really begun. A former Swedish salesman, named Exxx Pxxxx, discovered an amazing clothing retail concept during his trip to the United States. He noticed high turnover can be achieved by lowering the sales price. After came back home; in 1947, he opened a store exclusively for women’s clothing in Vxxx, Sxxx. He named the store ‘X’. Swedish for hxxx. In 1968 Exxx Pxxxx brought men’s concept in his retail store and changed its name to ‘XY’. He continued to add new concepts like clothing for children, young people, trendy people and sportive people. To stimulate growth in home and abroad, XY went public with a listing in Sxxxx Stock Exchange in 1974. XY started its business using concept ‘fashion at low price’ but later developed to ‘fashion and quality at best price’ The Pxxxx family still 4 holding the largest share of the company stock, leaving control securely in the family’s hands. 1. 3. 2 X;Y at present day ‘Before you can really start setting financial goals, you need to determine where you stand financially. ’ – Bach, David X;Y is a rapidly growing business. Every year it is expending its market, i. e. stores, steadily. According to X;Y annual report 2008; by the end of financial year 2008 X;Y Group had 1,738 stores globally. In the year 2008 X;Y opened 216 stores worldwide and entered in five new different markets (Japan, Egypt, Oman, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia). In 2009 X;Y Group planning to open 225 new stores. Though X;Y mainly provide clothing at competitive price but they also have PST range which offers exclusive and expensive clothing collection. Around 73,000 employees helping X;Y to run and grow. Source: X;Y Group Annual Report 2008 1. 3. 3 Business to compare I was thinking around which organization I shall choose to compare. I browsed through websites of top clothing retailer’s e. g. Primark, Gap, Topshop, and Zara. 5 Then I found Inditex Group (owner of Zara) as the most appropriate business for comparison with X;Y Group as, in terms of revenue, Inditex is the top largest clothing retailer in the Europe and X;Y is the second. Though clothing ranges of Inditex mainly includes high priced items unlike X;Y’s main ranges but both of them highly expended their operation beyond their originate country. Inditex have 4,430 stores in 73 countries while for X;Y the number is 1,738 in 34 countries. Inditex Group includes fashion brands Zara, Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho and Uterque. Zara is the most popular brand among others of Inditex Group. Interbrand, in their year 2009 report, ranked Zara in no. 50 according to brand value (6,789m USD) while X;Y ranked number 2X with 15,375m USD brand value. 1. 4 Aims and objectives The aim of this research and analysis project is to establish an evaluation of the business and financial performance of X;Y Group based on financial reports, comments and projections made by board members and using the views of other stakeholders. My project will evaluate the financial performance of X;Y over financial year-ending 2006 to 2008 and assess its future prospect. Economic decisions taken by stakeholders are highly dependent on the financial performance of the relevant company. Now-a-days stakeholders are getting more and more interested on management’s performance and internal control. Management’s ability in taking effective long-term decisions is very important as taking efficient short-term decisions. Shareholders are concerned about short-term return e. g. ividend and share price but they are also very concerned about managements’ plan on future growth, expansion, roadmap on how to deal with expected or not-expected adverse conditions. I will use various rations e. g. profitability ratios, efficiency ratios, investment rations during my report writing process. In addition, I will do SWOT analysis, as it is a key 6 instrumental framework to assess the overall business position, to identify t he strength, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for X;Y. 2. INFORMATION As this report is the first of its kind I am doing so I had to start from the very beginning. I had to understand what type of report I was going to do, what type of format I shall use, how can I gather information and how can I use those in writing this report and on above all of these where will I find relevant information. I discussed about the report writing techniques I shall use and information source I shall use with my senior and fellow sstudents who already wrote this type of report for their university degree. I attended an introductory meeting in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ where Mr †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pointed out possible sources of information. I browsed through websites of X;Y and Inditex. I downloaded and printed out the annual report of last three years. I also read through the Chairman’s report and CEO’s report to understand business and financial performance from their point of view. I also read through newspaper reports on X;Y and Inditex. I used Google search engine and Yahoo Finance to find out news related to these two businesses. 2. 1 Source of information I divided my source of information in two groups; primary source and secondary source. As far as this business and financial performance report concern I really not necessarily had to collect information through primary source. More importantly, the secondary source of information was so sthrong that it made using primary source insignificant. The main sources I used during preparation of this report are as follows: 7 Published financial statements of X;Y Group and Inditex Group (Year ending 2006, 2007, 2008) I found financial statements as the main source of information as this gives us the financial knowledge of the both companies and very relevant to my chosen topic area. But, more importantly financial statements are audited by independent auditors and provides high level of assurance and great deal of reliability. Chairman, CEO and Directors statements These statements gives information which highlights business performance, i. e. specific areas where the business done well or areas where business is finding difficulties. These statements also give future strategies and plans business willing to and going to adopt and implement. These statements also ensure stakeholders on business plan on how they will adopt or eliminate expected or unexpected risks. How to cite Oxford Brookes University Bsc in Applied Accounting, Papers