The emphasis (of MBO)

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Instruction - Essay Example There was additionally push for marriage and parenthood for these crippled veterans. After the war, a few Britons accepted that free, talented work would help fix the veterans crippled in fight. This would empower them to gain their own living just as help themselves. Furthermore it would transform them from being vulnerable to autonomous tough men. The most intriguing things I gained from the talk incorporate a great deal of energizing bits of knowledge from the World War I. For example the way that the primary universal war was battled by individuals from all the mainlands despite the fact that some didn't have the foggiest idea why they were battling. The logical research likewise that was going on moved consideration regarding this war; numerous new things were found that were unexpectedly utilized in war of that size. The utilization of recently created automatic weapons by the officers was additionally something else that grabbed my eye. The issue of the veterans being offered spouses to wed as a method of remunerating them is likewise another striking thing that got my attention. The utilization of plastic medical procedure on harmed warriors is something else that got my

Apostrophes Natures Wildcards

Apostrophes Natures Wildcards The apostrophe has caused much confusion and stress for many people over the years. The popular confusion between plurals and possessives causes grammarians to cringe daily as they browse social media, emails, and other text. Even non-grammarians have pet peeves surrounding the use of the apostrophe. So where did this little floating mark come from and what are the rules surrounding its use?The apostrophe is used to replace one or more letters, it indicates the possessive case, and it is used in languages other than English. There are some general rules that are easy to remember, but there are some more complicated rules that are important to know as well. In this post, we will go through the easy and the more difficult rules of using the apostrophe, the small but emotion-invoking little mark that hovers above all the other letters in contractions, slang, plurals, and possessives. Hopefully after reading this post you will have a greater understanding of how to properly use apostroph es.ContractionsIn the simplest terms, contractions are when two words are combined into one. It is in this case that apostrophes become, in a sense, the English languages wildcard. In contractions, they replace one or more letters to shorten two words together. For example:It is ? Its: The apostrophe replaces the i in is.Are not ? Arent: The apostrophe replaces the o in not.Many people are confused when writing its and its, your and youre, and their and theyre. The key to knowing if the word requires a contraction is to see if it could be said using two words:You are ? Youre: The apostrophe replaces the a in are.They are ? Theyre: The apostrophe replaces the a in are.SlangSimilar to the contractions, slang words also make use of the apostrophe. While we often speak in slang termsâ€"words that are regarded as very informal and are most often used in speech rather than written languageâ€"there are many times when written slang is important. For example, in social media and narrative w riting, diction and word choice can make a specific impact on the conversation or topic. So where does the apostrophe come into play? Even when writing slang, its important to make sure your readers know precisely what you mean.Hang on, Im comin! said Tom as he rowed the raft down the river.Gig em! yelled the Aggies fan as she put her thumb in the air.In the above examples, the apostrophe has taken the place of one or more letters. It signifies either a spoken accent (comin) or it is simply letting the reader know what the word means (em). Youre probably doing it subconsciously right now! You know that when you see em versus just em that there are letters missing. Within the surrounding context, you can tell that em means them. The sound of the word even changes slightly when you say the two out loud. Give it a try! Without the little floating punctuation mark in front of it, em sounds more like how you pronounce the letter m. However, when you see the apostrophe, the e takes on a l ittle more of an uh sound. Its not quite um, but somewhere between um and em. And its all thanks to the apostrophe.PluralsWhile it is rare, sometimes apostrophes are used to indicate a plural. But there is really only one instance where this is proper usage: plurals of individual characters.Mind your ps and qs!There were three 3s and two 4sThe above examples show how setting off the standard plural s with an apostrophe helps to clarify the statement. While the numbers could possibly be understood without the apostrophe in the second example above, the individual letters in the first example could be more difficult to understand for someone not familiar with that idiom.PossessivesPossessives can be some of the most confusing uses of apostrophes. Here are some examples of apostrophe uses with possessives.Singular namesThe general rule is when a word is indicating that one thing or person owns another thing or person (i.e., they possess that thing), then add an apostrophe plus s:I went to Stacys house for dinner. (The house belongs to Stacy.)That is Marks book. (The book belongs to Mark.)Names ending in sWhen the persons name ends in an s, then apostrophes can get a little confusing. In these cases, use the verbal pronunciation as a guide. Add an apostrophe and then the s where you would pronounce the extra s, as in these examples:We babysat Thomass son yesterday.Tesss dog is a German shepherd.Dont call Jamess phone.If the s on the end isnt pronounced, then do not add it on the end.That was Mr. Bridges desk.I went to Connors house.The only other time that the extra s isnt used is when the subject is a place or organization. In those cases, add the apostrophe but not the s.They took him to St. Thomas Hospital.The House of Ignatius gardens are spectacular.Plural nouns ending in sWhen the noun or name is plural and ends with an s, add only an apostrophe after the s.The girls party was a pink-themed party.She took the babies bottles to the sink.If the plural word doe s not end in s, then add both the apostrophe and an s.The womens department has fitting rooms.The mens room is being cleaned.Apostrophes are not needed in cases where the word is a possessive and a pronoun. Pronouns include words like his, hers, and ours. While these words are possessive, the pronouns have possession built in and therefore do not need the apostrophe to identify that.NumbersApostrophes also hold the place of numbers. One situation where an apostrophe is most used is in writing the year using only two digits instead of four.Back in 67 we used to camp out by the lake every weekend.Summer of 69 by Bryan AdamsApostrophe dontsThere are several key points to remember about using apostrophes.If you are simply making a word plural, do not add an apostrophe. Add either an s or es, or take the Latin or Greek plural form, if applicable. For example:HorsesDogsMiceBlanketsThe 1970s and the 1880sDo not use an apostrophe with the personal pronouns discussed above (i.e., theirs, our s, hers, his, etc.).If a noun is plural but not a possessive, then do not include an apostrophe (i.e., 25s or 1960s).If a verb ends in s, no apostrophe is needed.If you are asking to whom a bike belongs, then you would ask, Whose bike is this? Notice no apostrophe. If you want to ask who is coming to dinner, you would ask, Whos coming to dinner? Notice that the whos means who is.Whose turn is it to take out the trash?I wonder whos going to play Hamlet.Dont put apostrophes just anywhere hoping someone else will tell you where to put it. Spend the time to learn the rules, practice them, and, if needed, get someone to help you.History of apostrophesThe history of apostrophes is pretty vague and is full of guesses. Some say that Geoffrey Tory, who also created the cedilla and the accent mark, used the apostrophe in 1529 in French, which was the first usage recorded. However, this is not a solid fact about the apostrophes originsâ€"it is merely a guess at when its usage first appeared.De spite this early start, the apostrophe didnt become very popular until the mid-1700s. During that time, not many people understood its proper usage, even more than today! The history of contractions is tied with the history of apostrophes, such that, for example, The Kings Book was essentially thought to mean The King His Book. Back in Old English times, the statement would have said The Kinges Book. Going back to our wildcard idea, if the apostrophe takes the place of the e in Kinges above, then you get Kings!Even though this sounds nice and like a simple way to explain the use of the possessive plural, it wasnt a consensus adoption. Even today, we still have discussions and arguments about the apostrophe.Apostrophe factsYou might think that apostrophes in the English language are numerous, but in French they are used, on average, more than once per sentence. Compare that to English, where apostrophes occur only about one time for every 20 sentences. This might explain why so many people have trouble using them!That leads us to another fun fact. Apostrophes are the number one punctuation mark that are misused and misunderstood. Out of all the punctuation marks we have and use, and after all the languages English has stolen from, the apostrophe just wont be able to let it go.Apostrophes are taught in school usually starting in grade 2 or 3. Even with all of that training and starting so young, apostrophes still seem to elude a large number of people in their convoluted rule sets.The single closing quotation mark can be confused with the apostrophe because they look very similar, but they have different meanings. Additionally, the prime symbol, which looks like this ', is also not an apostrophe. The prime symbol indicates measurement in feet or arcminutes, and it is also used in mathematics. Another similar punctuation mark, the ?okina ( ? ) represents what is called a glottal stop in Polynesian languages.There are even more similar punctuation marks. Even thou gh you probably wont use them, the ´ (acute) and ` (grave) are most often seen in informal writing where an ambiguous treatment of the apostrophe in digital typesetting is a major factor of this confusion.Getting helpThe Oxford English Dictionary has a very good section on the use of the apostrophe, as does the online Merriam-Webster dictionary. If you still arent good at using the apostrophes correctly, then simply hire one of ServiceScapes high-quality editors to review your document for errors and let them help you. You dont want your readers to be distracted by poor grammar and poor placement of apostrophes.

The Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes...

The Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes in a Democracy Introduction The public gets political information on their preferred candidates or parties from different people and through the media. In today’s world, social media has also been one of main platforms that shape the public opinion. However, engaging in discussion with other members has proven more informative and persuasive than other methods including social media. Mass media is critical in forming the opinions of the members, and they use the discussions and insights they gather from the media to generate their own ideas and viewpoints (Zaller, 55). The media has experts’ analyses who give opinions based on facts and experience on the matters facing the†¦show more content†¦As a result, people end up using information shortcuts that are a threat to the democracy if the shortcuts are controlled by individuals or firms (Zaller, 93). Individuals or firms may be the media houses and their informants who dictate the information they release and give to the people. If the in formation is poorly managed or the choice of information to be availed to the public is not substantial to form an opinion, it may lead to creating the wrong impression, which becomes a threat to democracy in the long run. Whereas an opinion is based on an argument and information, political opinion is grounded on value judgment about a fact that can be changed by an individual from time to time to either form a moral opinion or an altered opinion (Zaller, 105). In practice, it depends on how people acquire political information, and if it is from the media, individuals may turn out to be susceptible to changing their standpoint. This depends on an individual forming an opinion from their own judgment of the information availed to them and it is not always the case. Zaller adds that people have their true opinions and views about a given matter that they alter from time to time since a change is a natural process (Zaller, 90). According to the author, though a person has formed their own opinion, if the question is asked more than once andShow MoreRelatedExplain The Effects Of Family On Ones Political Values1171 Words   |  5 PagesFundamental Values Describe what a democracy is and why it is significant. A democracy is a system of government where the people have the opportunity to have a say in important governmental processes. For instance, in a democracy, one has the privilege to directly vote on key public officials. This can be seen in presidential elections, state elections, etc. A democracy is significant because it protects the interests of the people, and allows citizens to feel a sense of authority in the nation’sRead More The Role of Business in Foreign Policy Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness-related interests have played a predominant role in influencing foreign policy. Foreign policy determines how America conducts its relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals such as security and trade. More importantly foreign policy seeks to ensure America’s security and defense and its ability to protect America’s national interests around the world. National interests that shape foreign policy covers a wide range of politica l, economic, military, ideological, and humanitarianRead MoreThe Theory Of Power And Leadership Ideas1021 Words   |  5 PagesIdeas are beliefs and desires constructed in organized pattern with its creation, components and impact that define the political structure and bind the ruling authority in a set of complying characteristics of that idea. There are unexplained varieties of Ideas - great ideas, scientific and moral ideas, realist and fantastic ideas, political, economic or religious ideas. Democracy, power, freedom and rights, citizenship and protest, social justice and equality are all ideas based on which institutionsRead MoreImpact Of Television On The Western Europe2221 Words   |  9 PagesThe Impact of Television on Democracy in Eastern Europe After the second World War , a large part of central Europe was controlled by the Soviet Union and was forced to adapt to the Communism ideology. While the year 1989 was a turning point that some effective revolution interrupted and the Soviet hegemony was destroyed, the demand for democracy and freedom was increased and people tried to find their ways to speak out. With the development of technology, mass media emerged to help address the problemRead MoreThe Media Regulation Of The Uk1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe media regulation in the U.K. is more extensive compared to the U.S. Ofcom is an independent regulator and competition authority across television, radio etc. The PCC, also an independent body, deals with complaints from members of the public about editorial content of newspaper and magazines. The behavior of media is far more regulated in Britain compared to the U.S. In U.S. the views can complain about the content to individual media outlets but in Britain the complaints are published on variousRead MoreNational Differences in Political Economy1295 Words   |  6 PagesNational Differences in Political Economy Global Political Economy Global political economy (GPE) is an academic discipline within the social sciences that analyzes international relations in combination with political economy. Political economy is most commonly used to refer to interdisciplinary studies that draw on economics, law, and political science in order to explain how political institutions, the political environment, and the economics mix with each other. 1 Roles of History and Culture Read MoreThe And Of Public Broadcasting1287 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation to make better decisions. Whether as a voter, consumer or investor, Americans believe they will be able to form their own idealistic views based on what they see in the media. However, that belief is just a fallacy. In my opinion, viewers that believe this false pretense are unaware that a portion of mass media in the Unites States is privately owned. In both public television and radio, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) funds a portion of their revenue (the CPB is a privateRead MoreThe Relationship Between Social Media Platforms And The Government1517 Words   |  7 Pages This essay explores the different relationships between social media platforms and the government to provide insight into the different ways the government uses media masses to further their agendas and how its good business is used for political gain. This essay also discusses the different ideologies and fallacies individuals have of the media’s role in society. This essay wasn’t written to persuade one either way, but rather to bring the important relationship to light, so with better understandingRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Hegemony Theory Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"By emphasizing a democratic civil society as a context for democratic government, the recovery of nineteenth century democratic theory promises a richer understanding of the role of citizens and an understanding of the relationship between democracy and freedom as human development† (Niemi, 2010, p. 41). This paper will discuss about Karl Marx; in regards to class systems, Antonio Gramsci; how studying Marxist thought assisted with his theory of Hegemony Theory. The centre-periphery model willRead MoreArab Uprising Essay2124 Words   |  9 PagesHow has the rise of social media technologies affected political stabilities in the Middle East? Background of the study Middle East countries have been faced by a challenge where leaders lock information. Locking information has resulted to limitation on the flow of information inside Middle East and to the external world. Out of this challenge, democracy in the Middle East has been suppressed and citizens left to suffer. Leaders refuse to listen to the people they rule and dictatorship followed

Alexander the Great and the Battle of Gaugamela - 1859 Words

King Alexander at only 25 years old, his reputation already one of greatness had led his men into Asia. To his soldiers, their invasion of Persia was to fight back after half a century of devastation brought onto Greece during the Persian wars between 499 and 448 BC. Alexander’s private desire, however, was to cast a shadow on the large Persian empire by winning all its lands and bringing it under his rule. Gaugamela, named after the village it was fought by, was the decisive battle in the struggle between Alexander III and Darius II for the Persian Empire. The battle occurred in 331 BC, this battle was one of importance as it shows a significant amount of Alexander’s tactical and military genius while including examples of his great†¦show more content†¦The arrangements ended up being parallel to that of the battle of Issus. However, realizing that the Persian cavalry was moderately powerful, Alexander reinforced his wings and ordered them to lengthen if there was any risk of being out-flanked. These well designed decisions would have made a huge impact on the final outcome of the battle, this shows Alexander’s ability to adapt his tactics to suit different situations and develop ways to overcome problems that may occur. The battle turned out better than it possibly could have for Alexander, as we can see his well thought out plan coincided with the actual events of the battle and all went as he had pre-determined. Alexander initially ordered his right wing cavalry to advance on an angle, as always, to the right. Consequently forcing the Persian cavalry further left to pursue them, thus moving away from the specially cleared area Darius had so carefully arranged for them. To counteract these actions Darius ordered his men to stop moving to the left and head directly forward to attack Alexander’s right wing as intended. This arrangement worked well for Alexander as he postponed a rather dominant attack to his right wing and would haveShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Gaugamela By Alexander The Great1869 Words   |  8 Pages The Battle of Gaugamela SSG Hennessey, Timothy J USAICoE NCOA, Class 15-003 Alexander the Great is arguably the greatest general and military strategist to have ever lived. He never lost a battle, and before his thirtieth birthday, he had conquered from Greece to India. His military conquests paved the way for Hellinization, the spread of Greek culture, throughout the world. Though Alexander’s reign was short, he left an indelible mark on not only his kingdom but on the worldRead MoreThe Battle Against The Persian Empire1532 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great is one of the most celebrated military leaders in history. His campaigns against the Persian Empire began in 336 BC, when he and the Macedonian army crossed the Hellespont and began their invasion of Asia Minor. The Macedonians were victorious in their first major engagement against the Persians at the Battle of Granicus River in 334 BC. Less than a year later, in 333 BC, Alexander faced the Persian army again at the Battle of Issus, this time led personally by King Darius IIIRead MoreAna lysis Of David Hanson s Carnage And Culture Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion2: In Carnage and Culture, Victor David Hanson expressed a slanted perspective about the crucial battles in western history in order to support his theory that western militaristic strategies are superior to alternative forms of warfare. He fostered his sentiments by explaining how specific battle tactics can unify or divide a nation in a matter of moments. However, his reference to the concept that western warriors continuously triumph in war, is expressed in a manner that does not fullyRead MoreThe Success Of Alexander The Great1374 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great is one of the most successful military commanders of all time. Some may attribute Alexander’s success to his inheritance of the great Macedonian kingdom and military from his father, Philip II. Although there is no doubt that this timely inheritance was a key factor in his success, it was his military skills and generalship that gave him the ability to effectively utilize the groundwork laid by his father . In order to fully understand the success of Alexander, we must firstRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedonia, underwent a journey of overwhelming odds. Alexander led his army through multiple victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without the agony of a single defeat. A noteworthy battle of Alexander was the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C.E. The Battle of Gaugamela is significant because it ended Darius’s rule over Persia. [new par.] There are several forces and factors that contribute in making Alexander the GreatRead MoreThe Legacy Of Alexander The Great1050 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander the Great Prior to approximately 350 B.C., Greece was a fragmented country with individual tribes separated from each other due to the mountainous terrain and geographical obstacles. Not only were they isolated physically, each individual polis remained focused on its own needs and interests.(Hemingway) Philip II, a Macedonian king, wished that all of Greece could act as one and be united under the same rule. In the Battle of Chaeronea, the son of Philip II, Alexander, claimed victoryRead MoreAlexander IIi Of King Of Ancient Greece1147 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was a King of Ancient Greek kingdom Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He spent most of his ruling years on an extraordinary military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa and by the time he was 30 he had created one of the largest empires of the Ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into northwest India. Alexander is thought to be by most peopl e as the greatest military command that ever lived however thisRead MoreEssay on Alexander the Great: The Campaign of Gaugamela614 Words   |  3 Pages The combination of Logistics and Tactics permitted to Alexander III the Great to be successful during the campaign of Gaugamela. Prior to the battle, Alexander the Great decided to take the same route Darius took on his way to Issus. He knew that if he wanted to march toward Babylon, he couldnt go through the lower valley of Mesopotamia as there was not sufficient supplies available for his army and the daily temperature in summer is 49 º C.(tactic) He figured out that if Darius larger army andRead MoreAlexander II And Alexander The Great1642 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone who is good at planning tactics; Philip II and Alexander the Great would not fall under this name because they were not good at planning tactics, they were disputed to be the best at planning them. Alexander III the Great was born in 356 BC in the capital of M acedonia; Pella. Growing up Alexander watched his father turn Macedonia into a great military power . Philip II was the first to create an unstoppable Macedonian army and his son Alexander would further expand the efficiency and power ofRead MoreThe Movie Alexander 1164 Words   |  5 Pages The film, Alexander, is a historic drama about Alexander the Great, who became legendary for his military prowess. Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian general, narrates throughout the film. Moments of Alexander’s childhood was shown, such as his difficult relationship with his mother, Olympias, and his father, King Philip II of Macedon. After Alexander became King of Macedonia, he sets out to conquer the Persian Empire. He continued his eight-year campaign across East Asia, before returning home to Babylon

Oxford Brookes University Bsc in Applied Accounting Free Essays

I will use this report writing oopportunity to practice and practically implement my learning in evaluating business and financial performance of a business which spreads its activities from one continent to another. 1. 3 Reasons behind choosing XY For me and for my family’s clothing needs I found XY as a better place to buy as it sells better and fashionable cloths at lower price. We will write a custom essay sample on Oxford Brookes University Bsc in Applied Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, this is not what attracted my attention. I got interested on XY because in this time of recession and money crisis while all high street giants struggling to survive I found XY continuing to open new stores in different locations in every few months. Not only that, Interbrand ranked in their latest 2009 report XY as the world’s 2X no. brand with 11% increasing brand value from last year to 15,375m USD. Last year XY was ranked number 2X. XY is in the top position as a high street apparel brand. It seems XY is becoming more popular hence mearns greater market. 1. 3. 1 XY history Present is the result of history; I always enjoy it so decided to look back where everything really begun. A former Swedish salesman, named Exxx Pxxxx, discovered an amazing clothing retail concept during his trip to the United States. He noticed high turnover can be achieved by lowering the sales price. After came back home; in 1947, he opened a store exclusively for women’s clothing in Vxxx, Sxxx. He named the store ‘X’. Swedish for hxxx. In 1968 Exxx Pxxxx brought men’s concept in his retail store and changed its name to ‘XY’. He continued to add new concepts like clothing for children, young people, trendy people and sportive people. To stimulate growth in home and abroad, XY went public with a listing in Sxxxx Stock Exchange in 1974. XY started its business using concept ‘fashion at low price’ but later developed to ‘fashion and quality at best price’ The Pxxxx family still 4 holding the largest share of the company stock, leaving control securely in the family’s hands. 1. 3. 2 X;Y at present day ‘Before you can really start setting financial goals, you need to determine where you stand financially. ’ – Bach, David X;Y is a rapidly growing business. Every year it is expending its market, i. e. stores, steadily. According to X;Y annual report 2008; by the end of financial year 2008 X;Y Group had 1,738 stores globally. In the year 2008 X;Y opened 216 stores worldwide and entered in five new different markets (Japan, Egypt, Oman, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia). In 2009 X;Y Group planning to open 225 new stores. Though X;Y mainly provide clothing at competitive price but they also have PST range which offers exclusive and expensive clothing collection. Around 73,000 employees helping X;Y to run and grow. Source: X;Y Group Annual Report 2008 1. 3. 3 Business to compare I was thinking around which organization I shall choose to compare. I browsed through websites of top clothing retailer’s e. g. Primark, Gap, Topshop, and Zara. 5 Then I found Inditex Group (owner of Zara) as the most appropriate business for comparison with X;Y Group as, in terms of revenue, Inditex is the top largest clothing retailer in the Europe and X;Y is the second. Though clothing ranges of Inditex mainly includes high priced items unlike X;Y’s main ranges but both of them highly expended their operation beyond their originate country. Inditex have 4,430 stores in 73 countries while for X;Y the number is 1,738 in 34 countries. Inditex Group includes fashion brands Zara, Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho and Uterque. Zara is the most popular brand among others of Inditex Group. Interbrand, in their year 2009 report, ranked Zara in no. 50 according to brand value (6,789m USD) while X;Y ranked number 2X with 15,375m USD brand value. 1. 4 Aims and objectives The aim of this research and analysis project is to establish an evaluation of the business and financial performance of X;Y Group based on financial reports, comments and projections made by board members and using the views of other stakeholders. My project will evaluate the financial performance of X;Y over financial year-ending 2006 to 2008 and assess its future prospect. Economic decisions taken by stakeholders are highly dependent on the financial performance of the relevant company. Now-a-days stakeholders are getting more and more interested on management’s performance and internal control. Management’s ability in taking effective long-term decisions is very important as taking efficient short-term decisions. Shareholders are concerned about short-term return e. g. ividend and share price but they are also very concerned about managements’ plan on future growth, expansion, roadmap on how to deal with expected or not-expected adverse conditions. I will use various rations e. g. profitability ratios, efficiency ratios, investment rations during my report writing process. In addition, I will do SWOT analysis, as it is a key 6 instrumental framework to assess the overall business position, to identify t he strength, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for X;Y. 2. INFORMATION As this report is the first of its kind I am doing so I had to start from the very beginning. I had to understand what type of report I was going to do, what type of format I shall use, how can I gather information and how can I use those in writing this report and on above all of these where will I find relevant information. I discussed about the report writing techniques I shall use and information source I shall use with my senior and fellow sstudents who already wrote this type of report for their university degree. I attended an introductory meeting in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ where Mr †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pointed out possible sources of information. I browsed through websites of X;Y and Inditex. I downloaded and printed out the annual report of last three years. I also read through the Chairman’s report and CEO’s report to understand business and financial performance from their point of view. I also read through newspaper reports on X;Y and Inditex. I used Google search engine and Yahoo Finance to find out news related to these two businesses. 2. 1 Source of information I divided my source of information in two groups; primary source and secondary source. As far as this business and financial performance report concern I really not necessarily had to collect information through primary source. More importantly, the secondary source of information was so sthrong that it made using primary source insignificant. The main sources I used during preparation of this report are as follows: 7 Published financial statements of X;Y Group and Inditex Group (Year ending 2006, 2007, 2008) I found financial statements as the main source of information as this gives us the financial knowledge of the both companies and very relevant to my chosen topic area. But, more importantly financial statements are audited by independent auditors and provides high level of assurance and great deal of reliability. Chairman, CEO and Directors statements These statements gives information which highlights business performance, i. e. specific areas where the business done well or areas where business is finding difficulties. These statements also give future strategies and plans business willing to and going to adopt and implement. These statements also ensure stakeholders on business plan on how they will adopt or eliminate expected or unexpected risks. How to cite Oxford Brookes University Bsc in Applied Accounting, Papers

Marxs understanding of the concept of alienation and the idea of an immanent criticism

The concept of alienation According to Marx, alienation refers to the separation of things that naturally belong together, or to put antagonism in things that are perfectly in harmony[1]. Thus, alienation eventually brings about capitalism which in turn forces people to depend on work more and more each day in order to survive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marx’s understanding of the concept of alienation and the idea of an immanent criticism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This shows that before capitalism was introduced, people could depend on nature for survival. People did not have to work for wages in order to survive, but they had enough supplies to survive on. Contrary, nowadays, one has to work so as to get paid and then use the money received from his work to buy the commodities he so needs to survive. In his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 page 74-77, Marx identifies four types of alienation in labour under capitalism: Alienation from the work: this is when the worker is separated from the goods he produce. The way the finished product is modeled and the process it goes through before it is finished is decided not by the person who works on it but by the capitalist class. Apart from the laborer not having any power over the motif and manufacture of the good, this type of separation also passes on to the change of the value of the good into a substitute value. In simpler terms, this type of separation subjects the worker to the extent of his expertise in producing goods that at the end have to satisfactorily serve the customer making the workers survival dependent on the customer’s ability to purchase the said product. This type of alienation also ensures that the worker gets minimal returns for his hard work as exploitative middle men enjoy the profits from the product by themselves. Alienation of the worker from working: this type of alienation separates the worker from the action of producing the said good. This kind of alienation subjects the work process to the capitalist mode of production whereby the laborers hard work is equified to a system of wages that are minimal and no incentives to encourage the laborers hence no work satisfaction. According to Marx one class is being rewarded while it upholds domination over the topic of its labor by the capability to decide how it shall be made use of precisely or swapped for something else. Capitalism eliminates the privileges of the worker to implement jurisdiction over the worth or results of his labour, denying him of the capacity to either make use of the product he makes directlty or get complete price of the product when it is sold. The first kind of alienation is a factor to the second kind of alienation as it eliminates the laborers feeling of possession and the end price of the finished product. This lack of being in charge interrupts the skill of the laborer to con centrate therefore isolating all the actions he does; Alienation of the worker: this kind of alienation separates the worker from himself as being the manufacturer. According to Marx, man has the predisposition and longing to fit in place numerous actions to improve their communal endurance, reassurance and feeling of togetherness. The worth of man lies in his capabilities to envisage the consequences of his actions as reasonable thoughts are unique at every known pace of knowing them: man is able to tell the difference between the ideas he has (the subject), and products of his ideas (the object). When a laborer is denied of this chance then his work though is satisfactory and up to the market standard, it not fulfilling to him and he feels cheated buy the system of wages put in place by the capitalist society. A laborer is then subjected to following the will of other people and not his own as he has to make money so as to survive; Alienation of the worker from other workers: the idea of capitalism has reduced labour to profitable service to be bought and sold on the market, while it is quite a shared association amid people who are engaged in an everyday struggle for continued existence or improvement for their lives. The ever competitive labour market is a set of connections in the industrial capitalist economies to maximize the profits in from of capital from the people who run their own businesses and who manage the means of production of goods. This brings forth the unhealthy competition between worker and worker as each wants to outshine the other hence conflict an effect termed as false consciousness by Marx with in turn causes the relations of production. In reference to the German Ideology, Marx (1844, 82) states that â€Å"things have now come to such a pass that the individuals must appropriate the existing totality of productive forces, not only to achieve self-activity, but, also, merely to safeguard their very existence†. In essence thi s means that capitalism is a system that seems to make and keep the rich richer while the poor continue getting poorer, forcing them to work so as to survive. Each individual should find a way of getting a livelihood that will sustain him or her and ensure of his or her survival in this capitalist world. It also means that in this current universe, if one does not work or have a steady income of wages then his or her own survival is threatened and it might as well be eliminated. Immanent critique Immanent critique is an approach from a social point of view that seeks to evaluate cultural ways by finding criticisms in the regulations and organizations needed for the creations of those views. This technique aims to put into perspective not only the entity of its study but also the thought where the entity came from; both the entity and its thoughts are therefore revealed as outcomes of a historical progression. In reference to Marx, Antonio, writes; â€Å"setting out from idealismâ⠂¬ ¦. I hit upon the idea in the real itself. If formerly the gods had dwelt above the world, they now had become its centre’ Marx finished by saying immanent critique was necessary in the world as it brought about radical changes that were desperately needed and called for. This immanent critique then became the axis of his emancipator critique of capitalism[2]. Marx was opposed to the idea of individuals owning private property and working for themselves. He wanted individuals to work of the betterment of the whole society and not only one person. He wanted a communal society that would overthrow the selfishness and greed of man that made him want to privatize property for his own personal gain.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sayers argues that a social theory that Marx develops cannot give results that are from a decisive view point. The accessible social order is not straightforward and stationary; rather it is filled with nervousness and disagreements, which include both pessimistic and optimistic features and energy that hold it up and maintain it. Disagreements give rise to radical changes in the society some may be good changes while others may be bad point is, disagreements bring about change. According to Marx, the feudal society was taken over by capitalism which then gives way to socialism. This provides the structure in by which Marx disapproves of capitalism and envisions socialism, his condemnation of capitalism is not definite as he bases it on principles which are historical and reasonable. The disapproval of capitalism is reasonable to the dispute conditions which come before it, it comprises of an advance radical historical progress. With the settings for socialism gaining roots and becoming more common among people, capitalism continues to become an obstacle to more development. In this light, capitalism can be condemned on the fact that it creates different classes of people who separate themselves in terms of wealth. Capitalism creates wealth classes which is not the best thing to do as hatred and jealousy emanate from such classes. Communism on the other hand does not have such classes of wealth as all men are equal wealth wise and they all work towards a communal goal, the truth therefore has to fine-tune itself to communism. Therefore communism can be termed as the actual movement which brings to an end the present condition of things.[3] Sayers states that both Hegel and Marx by default know that human nature is communally and traditionally created, while economic development guides to the improvement of additional requirements. Their requirements and their fulfillments are therefore made up of chronological and reasonable substance, the average development they supply is more likely to be relative and historical. In the same way capitalism is evaluated by the extent to which it fulfills or fails to fulfill the needs of individuals, these are the desires that capitalism has brought forth single handedly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marx’s understanding of the concept of alienation and the idea of an immanent criticism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Rousseau, the growth of needs is a purely negative phenomenon[4]: the more our desires the more we get tied down to them and become prisoners of our needs. Hegel and Marx look at this from a dissimilar point of view and they take into account that the increase of human desires is an inevitable vital part of human nature on a universal point of view. In turn Hegel disputes that straight forward and prehistoric life is conflicting with indisputable human satisfaction, while on the other hand it is animal nature and simply an ordinary state. This means that one cannot live a simple life because every day brings forth new needs and desires t o be satisfied and therefore he has to work hard to enable him to take care of his needs satisfactorily. Concept of alienation and the idea of immanent criticism According to Marx, the concept of alienation brought forth capitalism which resulted in people having to work for minimum wages so as to satisfy their needs and wants. This concept of alienation then brought forth the idea of immanent criticism whereby Marx and Hegel disputed the idea of capitalism where individuals would privatize property for their own gain and make maximum profits form having other individuals work at minimum wages. They also disputed the idea of capitalism as it brought about social classes and differences among people there were the royalty or elite then the common man who had to work for his mere survival. Marx argued that capitalism would provide social tensions that would eventually lead to its own destruction[5] giving way to socialism leading to a stateless, classless society which would be termed as pure communism.[6] In a way Marx succeeded in his quest of bringing forth a stateless, classless society where all men worked for the good of the community and not for the good of the community. Some states in the world today are referred to as communist or socialist states as they adopted this view of Marx that men should look out for his fellow man and work towards the betterment of both of them, although this has severally failed, for instance in the Cold War wave. On the other hand, Marx did not succeed as majority of the people seemed to want to acquire individual properties where they could make maximum profits while contributing little effort as possible. These people and states are referred to as capitalist states and their main aim is to make profits so as to fulfill their needs fully. Both the capitalist and communist or socialist states coexist peacefully with each other as they are interdependent on each other for their survival.[7] In conclusion, the concept of alie nation and the immanent critique are connected as one gave rise to the other bringing about numerous fundamental changes in the world over. Both these two different concepts have a meeting point whereby they both agree that mans needs are recurring and need to be fulfilled as they occur so as to ensure ones survival.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capitalism brought about business minded individuals who then brought about different society classes determined by how much wealth one has to his name. At the same time, communism brought forth equality of all man and the working towards common good and fulfillment. [8] Both aspects are based on similar assumptions which in turn contradict each other and at the same time find common ground with each other. The ideas of communism and capitalism has been universally accepted and at times they are used together so as to bring forth good results and achievements not only for the individuals themselves but also for the society at large. From the paper above immanent critique is not looked as a way of condemning capitalism but as a way of expanding, broadening it and developing it so as it can fulfill the human needs fully, effectively and efficiently. Bibliography Anon., 1981. â€Å"Immanent Critique as the core of critical theory†. British Journal of Sociology Vol. 32, No.3 pp. 333. Baird, E. and Walter K. 2008. From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Marx, K. 1975. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, in Early Writings. Harmondsworth: Penguin Marx, K. 1965. The German Ideology. New York: International publishers Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1975). The German Ideology, Collected Works, Vol. 5. Moscow: Progress, 49-90. Rousseau, A. 1994. Needs in the Philosophy of History. New York: Oxford University. Sayers, S. 2003. Progress and Social Criticism University of Kent: New York: Sage. Footnotes K, Marx, 1965. The German Ideology. New York: International publishers, 74-78. Anon., 1981. Immanent Critique as the core of critical theory. British Journal of Sociology Vol. 32, No.3 pp. 333. K. Marx and F. Engels, 1975. The German Ideology, Collected Works, Vol.5. Moscow: Progress, pp.49. A. Rousseau, 1994. Needs in the Philosophy of History. New York: Oxford University, 71. E. Baird and K. Walter, 2008. From Plato to De rrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 132. S. Sayers, 2003. Progress and Social Criticism. University of Kent: New York: Sage, 56. K.Marx 1965. The German Ideology. New York: International publishers, p. 98. K. Marx, and F. Engels, 1975. The German Ideology, Collected Works, Vol.5, Moscow: Progress, 49- 55. This essay on Marx’s understanding of the concept of alienation and the idea of an immanent criticism was written and submitted by user StoneMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.